The issue of whether or under which circumstances the publication of research data can be limited because of the potential for abuse has become increasingly topical. This study examines the tense relationship between the fundamental rights of researchers on the one hand, and the biosecurity risks created by publishing sensitive research data on the other.  Specific challenges arise due to three features. First, the dissemination of knowledge cannot be monitored in the same way as that of tangible goods. Second, disseminating scientific findings is in the interests not only of the researchers but also of the public. And third, decision making in this field faces a range of uncertainties. In order to manage these uncertainties, we consider the balancing of freedom and security, and how they can be adapted, in selected reference areas.

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